(-)-Borneol has a highly efficacious positive modulating action at GABA receptor with an EC50 of 237 μM.

Dimethyl DL-glutamate is a cell-permeant glutamic acid derivative that enhances insulin release in response to glucose in isolated islets and in animal models of diabetes.

Beta-Amyrin palmitate may release norepinephrine from newly synthesized pools, and thus, it may activate noradrenergic activity.